Description
Head-Out Plethysmography (HOP) is a technique which measures the pressure changes caused by thoracic movements of an animal inside a sealed chamber. These pressure changes are directly proportional to respiratory flow. A latex seal is used to isolate the nose/mouth air flows.
Advantages
Ready to be used directly on inhalation towers for respiratory monitoring
Direct measurement of the thorax provides accurate data
Quick loading plunger to reduce animal stress
Option to have tail access from outside of the chamber
Option to add a nasal chamber for measurement of Specific Airway Resistance (SRaw)
Applications
Head-Out Plethysmography can be a very useful technique when accurate measurements are required on a conscious subject, or when access to the nose, mouth or tail are needed while monitoring respiratory parameters. It is commonly used in inhalation studies and Safety Pharmacology.
The following list shows some of the parameters available:
| Name | Units | Description |
|---|---|---|
| TV | ml | Tidal Volume, volume inspired during one breath |
| tI | s | Inspiration time |
| tE | s | Expiration time |
| PIf | mls/s | Peak inspiratory flow |
| PEf | mls/s | Peak expiratory flow |
| f | breaths/minute | Frequency of breathing |
| MV | ml | Minute Volume, volume inspired in one minute |
| tR | s | Relaxation time |
| AV | ml | Accumulated volume |
| EIP | s | End inspiratory pause |
| EEP | s | End expiratory pause |
| VolBal | % | Difference between inspiratory/expiratory volume |
| EF50 | ml/s | Expiratory flow @ 50% TV |
Specifications
The table below shows the standard chamber sizes. For any other species or sizes please contact us.
| References | Species | Size Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| PLY 212 | Mouse | 15 to 30 g |
| PLY 222 | Rat | Up to 250 g |
| PLY 222L | Rat, Ferret | More than 300 g |
| PLY 232S | Guinea Pig | Up to 500 g |
| PLY 232 | Guinea Pig | Up to 750 g |
Images
Selected References
Pulmonary effects of inhalation of spark-generated silver nanoparticles in Brown-Norway and Sprague–Dawley rats
Joanna Seiffert, Alison Buckley, Bey Leo, Nicholas G. Martin, Jie Zhu, Ranran Dai, Farhana Hussain, Chang Guo, James Warren , Alan Hodgson, Jicheng Gong, Mary P. Ryan, Junfeng (Jim) Zhang, Alexandra Porter, Terry D. Tetley, Andrew Gow, Rachel Smith and Kian an Chung
Implications for Room Lighting and the Duration of Acclimation Protocols on the Dosimetry of Inhaled Drugs in Rats
Graham R. Paul, Graham I. Somers, and Glyn Taylor
